Is Socrates Right to Claim That a Wise Person Will Always Act Well Essays

Is Socrates Right to Claim That a Wise Person Will Always Act Well Essays Is Socrates Right to Claim That a Wise Person Will Always Act Well Essay Is Socrates Right to Claim That a Wise Person Will Always Act Well Essay Article Topic: Guarantee Of Fact Is Socrates Right to Claim That a Wise Person Will Always Act Well? Name: Course: Date: Is Socrates Right to Claim That a Wise Person Will Always Act Well? Socrates guarantees that an insightful individual will consistently act as needs be. The subject of good and bad has been an inquiry man has endeavored to respond in due order regarding quite a while. It has been contended numerous a period that the capacity to tell directly from wrong exists in the man. Right or wrong activities are issues controlled by social morals and profound quality in such manner. As indicated by Socrates, insight guides man to settle on the correct decisions. In this, he accepts that an astute man can never act wrongly. Be that as it may, the inquiry is the means by which genuine this is. It is subsequently imperative to investigate this case by discovering what precisely Socrates is proposing. It may be that knowledge or comprehension of right or wrong originates from what society specifies through law and other cultural core values. While, then again, it may be inside the man to figure out what is correct and what's going on. Socrates kept up that nobody eagerly fouled up since wrong acts will consistently hurt the transgressor. The case here is that an imprudent choice to act in a specific way inclines one to bad behavior that is basically obliviousness. This in fact is valid. Individuals guarantee to have been ignorant of the unfair idea of their activities. In this sense, one ought not focus on accomplishing something without understanding the outcomes that may follow such activity. On the off chance that one gets that, something isn't right, along these lines as an issue of personal responsibility or self-protection so far as that is concerned one is equipped for keeping oneself from taking part in bad behavior (Manuel 2010). Be that as it may, experience will refute Socrates’ position. There are individuals who foul up with full information on their outcomes. The need for doing such is as a rule to profit oneself to the detriment of others. Regardless, Socrates’ conviction is valid in a n undeniable and clear manner. It is more right than wrong to guarantee that individuals have the ability to decide to do things they comprehend individuals may see as off-base. It is likewise right to state that individuals may do things they think about improper for others in a journey to profit themselves. In any case, individuals never decide to perform acts they thought in the moment that they are settling on the choice to not be right or even hurtful to themselves. In this sense, it is apparent that humankind has a solid feeling of profiting themselves. In situations where there are evident ramifications for accomplishing hurt in the activity, man despite everything tries really hard to cause and do hurt in the expectation of accomplishing the great they accept will profit them (Rae 2000). While man has the ability to dispassionately see wrong in activities going to be performed, they have an instinctive feeling of self-safeguarding and narrow minded addition. Our instinctive nature for serving personal circ umstances push people to foul up in any event, when they know about the grave outcomes that may go with such choices. Take a case of an upset man with the fixation of injuring himself through cuts. Such an individual is just meaning to alleviate mental pressure. This man has found that cutting his tissue goes about as a soothing specialist. It is imperative that an obvious differentiation is set up among means and closures. This individual doesn't slice his skin to hurt himself; rather, it is a way to accomplish help from pressure. This individual justifies that the general result of cutting himself is advantageous as long as he has figured out how to turn away mental torment. However, one might need to scrutinize the proficiency of this strategy, the fundamental standard is that this individual has calmed an unpleasant circumstance in this manner profiting him. From Socrates viewpoint, decisions, right or something else, accomplish the closures the practitioner or chooser plans to get and not the strategies that have been utilized to accomplish these finishes (Lee 2002). The qualification emerging from target information or intelligence as per Socrates, and human individual natural bits of knowledge is basic. Individuals can fathom an inappropriate in taking, however taking inclines them to encounter benefits in which they discover their lives improved in one manner or the other. The supposition in this announcement is that there is no inspiration for doing right or wrong if there is no advantage from such activities (Hildebrandt 2010). People need to keep a reasonable differentiation among implies and the forthcoming closures. Thus, it will be evident that individuals not foul up things for saw great and advantages that outcome from an inappropriate activity. At the point when one advantages from the activities that are unmistakably horrendous, individuals despite everything have an internal conviction of profiting for themselves. It is additionally conceivable that individuals can act wrongly without expecting advantage from whatever they do (Rae 2 000). For instance, a sequential executioner doesn't profit by the passing of the casualties yet at the same time infer a contorted feeling of fulfillment. Socrates guarantee about knowledge and doing right is a pure projection of human instinct. Everybody has amazing impulses to profit oneself. This trademark frames the premise of regular profound quality. The topic of good and bad is dictated by the degree to which activities advantage individuals. It is additionally normally instilled in people to consider all that hurt them as being off-base. One may equitably perceive the unsafe idea of certain activities. In any case, the choice of good wrongness of an activity is must be left to the individual or people the choices influence. A non-fanatic individual is unequipped for understanding what is correct and what's going on from an ethical perspective. Profound quality and morals originate from a point wherein one is mindful of the advantages or destructive nature of activities being performed. Individuals desires consistently oversee the decisions that they are going to make. It is not necessarily the case that ethic and profound quality are ideas completely controlled by human idea. Truth be told, structures of moral and go od reasoning are free of self-inspirations (Lee 2002). Be that as it may, reacting to personal circumstances that individuals can completely grasp profound quality and moral standards, and it is additionally obvious that ethical quality and morals are ideas that have occurred by prudence of personal circumstances. Subsequently, personal circumstance fabricates human ability to be good. Socrates doesn't guarantee that fouling up to others is ever right, however the inspiration driving such activities is a deciding component to the character appointed to the aims of the practitioner. Socrates accepted that awful choices carry damage to people who make them. Along these lines, the capacity for one to be correct lies in looking at the ethical measures of society. Bad behavior is an error in the judgment of the practitioner and communicates his obliviousness. A transgressor is oblivious of the way that awful activities cause them to seem pitiable and improve a hallucination that wrong doing is useful. One who has had the option to submit the most awful of activities without bringing about any results is considered as the most hurt individual since transgressors just damage themselves. The core of a savvy man is unadulterated, one who is acclimated with shameful acts is shocking, and their character is incredibly lessened. From Socrates perspective, mischief to the spiri t and to ones character is the best damage an individual can endure. In this light, he recommends that man ought to have the option to guarantee that they do well without fail. One who comprehends this knowledge will consistently right consequently. A shrewd individual isn't defenseless to moral shortcoming. Moral shortcoming is where one knows about the illegitimate idea of a demonstration yet does not have the quality and determination to make the best choice. Indeed, even in situations where one is overwhelmed by moral shortcoming, the absence of good quality for profiting oneself without bad behavior is in itself a type of numbness. For this situation, one is being oblivious of the correct methods for accomplishing the ideal closures and is uninformed of what is generally gainful and significant (Hildebrandt 2010). It doesn't make a difference that ones numbness is developed out of insufficiency in the correct information or nonsensical needs, ones choices will consistently be controlled by ones information or obliviousness. The astute man settles on information based choices that have been designed for settling on the correct choices consistently. In the event that ethical shortcoming is the premise of ones needs, it brings about the logical inconsistency of ones better judgment to make the best choice (Rae 2000). It is either those needs consent to the information on moral rule or that needs consent to obliviousness that dismiss the advantage of ethically right choices in the general public. Socrates was directly in saying that an astute man does no off-base. The choices of an astute man are educated by information and the longing to do right. Insight as indicated by Socrates is breaking down the outcomes of activities and applying this examination in the choices one make. Intelligence gives an entertainer an ethical still, small voice to make the right decision as is normal from society. It has been perceived that profound quality is driven by people’s personal circumstances (Lee 2002). It is in light of a legitimate concern for individual to live in the public arena that maintain moral principles that perceive the significance of network and guaranteeing hurt doesn't come to pass for the network. Such desires from one another have shaped the premise of morals and profound quality. It is along these lines, everyone’s right to guarantee that activities are socially adequate and intended for improving advancement in the com

Canadian Economy and Monetary Policy Effectiveness

Question: Examine about the Canadian Economy and Monetary Policy Effectiveness. Answer: Presentation The paper expects to concentrate in detail the economy of Canada. The paper will take a gander at the different parts of national bank working in the nation; financial circumstance in the nation. The financial situation of the nation should be glanced related to the national bank and its measures. The national bank of forceful economies by and large front burdens loan fee slices to fuel monetary development. Anyway we will examine this viewpoints comparable to the Canadian economy. We will all examine sees on late remarks by Mr. Morrison (Australian Chief Treasurer) and perceive how and if fits the Canadian economy combination. The paper additionally expects to take a gander at how national banks and its central estimates which is the financial arrangement as an instrument getting less viable. Some ongoing significant market analyst have in the course of the most recent couple of years have remarked on how financial strategy as an apparatus is getting extremely insufficient. The othe r concern which has been weak the business sectors has been the consequences of the presidential political race in United States. Markets were expecting that democrat applicant will win the political race and there will be no significant changes or position move in the economy of United States. Anyway the surprising success of Republican Candidate Donald Trump, has expanded vulnerability in the worldwide markets. Market members are jumpy over the unforeseen new development and capital flights has just begun towards place of refuge resources. The other concern which is line with the vulnerability, is the position of Federal Reserve in up and coming occasions. Will the Federal Reserve have the option to keep up the progression in the framework or the market members are in for an amazement are a portion of the key inquiries which need answer sooner rather than later. Job of Central Bank in the economy The Central Bank of Canada is known by the normal name Bank of Canada. As some other Central Bank the center capacity of the bank is to keep up low degree of expansion in the economy. As a created country this is anything but a significant test, the significant test for Bank of Canada lies in keeping up the development force in the economy nearby least degree of expansion. According to the contract of Bank of Canada, it is characterized that four significant elements of the bank is to keep up appropriate money related position utilizing fiscal arrangement; making a free from any danger monetary framework in the economy of Canada; structure and issue cash of the nation every now and then according to the prerequisite of the country; lastly deal with the assets for the administration. By the day's end Central Bank of the nation is really a main investor to the administration of the nation. It deals with the store for the benefit of the administration and keep up money related steadines s of the nation. Mr. Morrisons see on viability of financial approach In one of the ongoing meeting with ABC TV, Mr. Morrison (Chief Australian Treasurer), demonstrated that it isn't feasible for Reserve bank of Australia raised worry about the powerlessness of the bank to decrease rate further in the economy. He likewise addressed whether the present day money related strategy devices are viable enough to do what they are planned to. This conversation on money related arrangement and its viability has been doing adjusts after Wall road Journal distributed an article completing investigation of fiscal approach and its current financial effect. Financial specialists all inclusive has addressed whether the money related arrangement stays a powerful measure any longer to reach to sickly economy. An ongoing diary discharged by International Monetary Fund, questions and studies the effect of money related strategy. The examination features how financial approach are currently getting insufficient regardless of whether the Central Bank of the nation is front stacking the arrangement rates. The explanation located is the ultra-free financial strategy kept up for a really long time and furthermore the expansion effect of worldwide occasions over the world. These days no nation lives in detachment and the opening up of economies has gotten development; however it additionally purchased in concerns identified with how economies and neighborhood markets arrive at when the going gets extreme in the bigger economies. Nations like Britain, districts like Europe and Middle-East are still in delicate condition. The unreasonable utilization of Quantitative facilitating is additionally not improving the situation, anyway financial expert over the world accepts that QE is as yet a superior measure for Central Banks than money related approach. Conversation on adequacy of the fiscal approach In its last financial arrangement survey, Bank of Canada kept up the drawn out loan fee in the economy at percent. The comparing bank rate remains in the economy at 0.75% and the store rate in the economy remained at 0.25%. This is a circumstance of a ultra-free fiscal arrangement which has been the represent the majority of the created country since the situations developed post 2008 downturn over the globe. According to Bank of Canada, it is normal that worldwide economy will pick up footing in second 50% of 2016 and early piece of 2017. It is accepted that strong utilization hypothesis and wave will take the force in the economy forward. The Bank of Canada is of the view that they will keep on being obliging money related strategy conditions till a large portion of 2018. The financial estimates will likewise be in accordance with accommodative money related strategy position. Anyway according to Mr. Morrison see, it is fascinating to perceive how powerful such financial strategy position is under the current worldwide monetary situation. Worry on the development pace of the nation and lodging market inconveniences Ongoing macroeconomic information has proposed some measure of shortcoming in the economy. The Bank of Canada has flopped in anticipating the pace of development in the nation. A similar reality has been recognized by Bank of Canada in its ongoing fiscal arrangement survey which was reported in October 2016. The principle reason ascribed for this lull or erratic development rate is the precarious lodging market. The lodging market has been confronting tremendous log jam in Canada and that has been one of the significant worry for the economy. The central Government of the nation has taken string activities to expand security in the lodging portion, anyway starting at now no significant improvement pointer has been noticeable. This is a circumstance of a ultra-free fiscal approach which has been the represent the majority of the created country since the situations developed post 2008 downturn over the globe. According to Bank of Canada, it is normal that worldwide economy will pick u p footing in second 50% of 2016 and early piece of 2017. It is accepted that strong utilization hypothesis and wave will take the force in the economy forward. The Bank of Canada is of the view that they will keep on being obliging money related arrangement conditions till the majority of 2018. The financial estimates will likewise be in accordance with accommodative money related approach position. Major monetary markers Ongoing macroeconomic information has recommended some measure of shortcoming in the economy. The Bank of Canada has flopped in anticipating the pace of development in the nation. A similar actuality has been recognized by Bank of Canada in its ongoing money related arrangement audit which was reported in October 2016. The fundamental explanation credited for this log jam or flighty development rate is the precarious lodging market. The lodging market has been confronting immense stoppage in Canada and that has been one of the significant worry for the economy. The Government of the nation has taken string activities to build solidness in the lodging section, anyway starting at now no significant improvement pointer has been obvious. The Bank of Canada is of the view that they will keep on being obliging money related strategy conditions till the greater part of 2018. The financial estimates will likewise be in accordance with accommodative fiscal strategy position. According to gauges from Bank of Canada it is normal that genuine GDP of the nation will develop by 1.1% in 2016, trailed by 2% in both 2017 and 2018. The center expansion in the economy is at present remaining at 2% and it is relied upon to be close by that number for some time now. What are the evaluations of development for the nation? According to World Bank report it is normal that economy of Canada will develop by 1% in 2016 and 1.8% in next two years. The lodging market has been confronting enormous log jam in Canada and that has been one of the significant worry for the economy. The central Government of the nation has taken string activities to build solidness in the lodging section, anyway starting at now no significant improvement marker has been obvious. The Bank of Canada is of the view that they will keep on being pleasing money related arrangement conditions till a large portion of 2018. The financial estimates will likewise be in accordance with accommodative fiscal arrangement position. According to gauges from Bank of Canada it is normal that genuine GDP of the nation will develop by 1.1% in 2016, trailed by 2% in both 2017 and 2018. The center swelling in the economy is right now remaining at 2% and it is relied upon to be close by that number for some time now. What are the worldwide issues which are harming the economy? There are numerous worldwide issues which are feeble various economies of the world. At the one apocalypse it is the BREXIT which is keeping the financial specialists under control, and on the opposite end it is the dubious condition post the presidential political decision brings about United States. BREXIT is currently a known marvel, anyway whether the world will see a delicate BREXIT or hard BREXIT is feeble the world markets. The soundness has been harmed and showcases are jumpy. The world markets have received rewards of open economy framework for a considerable length of time, and the submission brings about United Kingdom has brought up issue whether the world is moving towards a circumstance when shut or semi open arrangement of economies again begin picking up footing. As of late the Italian submission results have added fuel to the discussion. A hard BREXIT and as far as anyone knows comparable response in various nations of Euro bunch has the ability to acquire devastatio n th

10 Meeting Rules to Host Productive and Effective Meetings

10 Meeting Rules to Host Productive and Effective Meetings A recent study of 19 million meetings found that workers in the U.S. spend an average of two hours a week in pointless meetings. And while that doesn’t sound like a lot, the exponential cost of two hours per person per week is massive. Altogether, these pointless meetings cost U.S. companies nearly $400 billion each year. Companies can save a tremendous amount of money and improve their productivity greatly by simply having fewer pointless meetings. And the best way to limit the number of pointless meetings being held is to establish a set of meeting rules that everyone must follow. 10 Meeting Rules for Productive and Effective Meetings If you feel that your company’s or team’s productivity is being drained by pointless, ineffective meetings, consider establishing these 10 meeting rules. 1. Hold meetings only when they’re absolutely required Scheduling a meeting shouldn’t be an automatic response to every question or issue. Instead, people should be expected to seriously consider if a meeting is the appropriate format. In an article for Harvard Business Review, time management coach Elizabeth Grace Saunders recommends asking these questions to determine if a meeting is what you truly need: “Have I thought through this situation?” Instead of scheduling a meeting at the first sign of a problem or the first time you’re asked a question you’re not sure how to answer, take time to think strategically and form a logical process for addressing the issue. “Does moving forward require a real-time conversation?” Workers waste far more time in meetings than they do answering emails. Before scheduling a meeting, determine if you can solve the problem simply by sending an email. Status meetingsâ€"meetings where you meet to discuss or review progressâ€"tend to be a particular drain on productivity. These meetings can be easily done away with altogether by adopting task management software that lets everyone see progress on a project in real-time. See Real-Time Project Progress Try it for free Try it for free 2. Only invite people who are truly needed Instead of inviting everyone to your meeting, only invite those people whose input is absolutely required. A lot of times, people will send meeting invites to an entire distribution list, allow guests to forward the meeting invite to others, or simply add everyone who’s in any way involved in a project. The result: massive meetings that are difficult to keep on track, and lists of attendees who have nothing to contribute to or gain from the meeting. According to Michael Mankins, co-author of Time, Talent, Energy, people often feel that they don’t have the authority to turn down meeting invitationsâ€"particularly from higher managersâ€"even if they feel like the meeting will be unproductive. Therefore, the responsibility sits with the meeting organizer to determine exactly who will bring real value and decision-making power to a meeting before sending out invitations. Amazon’s CEO Jeff Bezos, who famously meets with his investors for just six hours per year, has a two-pizza rule: no meeting should be held with more people than can be fed with two pizzas. By restricting meeting sizes, Bezos claims that meetings move faster and conversations are purely between people with decision-making power. If you’re on the receiving end of too many invitations to pointless meetings, consider adopting these five strategies for attending fewer meetings. 3. Assign a meeting facilitator To run effective meetings, someone needs to be facilitating. The facilitator’s role is to ensure that the meeting starts and ends on time, covers and sticks to the agenda, and follows all established meeting rules. The key responsibility of the meeting facilitator is to create an environment where attendees can work together to reach an effective solution or conclusion within the designated time. That might include things like: introducing attendees ensuring everyone is given time to share his/her input, and cutting off off-topic discussions The logical facilitator for any meeting is the person who’s organizing the meeting, so if you’re sending meeting invites to your coworkers, you should be prepared to act as its facilitator and keep the meeting you scheduled on track so it’s productive for all attendees. 4. Set up meeting equipment in advance If you’re hosting your meeting in a conference room, head over to that conference room before your meeting begins to get set up and make sure you have everything you need. Why is this important? It’s not a good use of anyone’s time to sit around for 15 minutes watching the meeting organizer struggle to get the projector working. If another meeting is scheduled just before yours that will prevent you from setting up early, check the meeting room at the end of a workday when it’s empty and make sure it has everything you need. You don’t want to find out that you needed an adapter for the projector seconds before your meeting begins. Finally, it’s also a good idea to double-check your meeting invite to make sure any remote participants have the details they need to join your meeting, such as dial-in numbers and meeting codes. Check to make sure those details are included in your invitationâ€"and that they’re accurate. 5. Share a meeting agenda in advance Sharing an agenda for your meeting well before the meeting takes place helps attendees see what’s going to be expected of them during the meeting. This helps them gather any information they may need in order to participate in the meeting productively. If the people you’ve invited don’t know what they need to prepare for, you run the risk of having to host a follow-up meeting to discuss details you couldn’t gather in the first meeting because people didn’t know what questions they were going to be asked or what information they would need to provide. Create Meeting Agendas Quickly and Easily Get MindMeister Get MindMeister 6. Take and share meeting notes The best team meetings result in a clear, shared understanding of what’s needed next, including actionable, assigned tasks. It’s the role of the meeting facilitator or assigned notetaker to ensure that all takeaways, actionable items, and decisions are documented and shared with attendees after the meeting. When taking notes in meetings, notetakers should focus on: Facts (e.g. “Jenna is the creative lead on this project.”) Issues (e.g. “There is too much work to complete by the deadline.”) Decisions (e.g. “We will break this project up into smaller, more manageable chunks.”) Action Plans (e.g. “The project manager and creative lead will determine how to break this project up.”) Questions and Answers (e.g. questions that couldn’t be answered during the meeting or answers provided to questions that were asked during the meeting) Taking detailed meeting notes is also important if you’re following the second meeting rule on this list: only invite people who are truly needed. If you’re limiting your invite list, meeting notes are useful for people who need to know the outcome of the meeting even though they didn’t need to be involved in the meeting itself. Related: 5 Simple Strategies for Taking Better Notes at Work 7. Give everyone the opportunity to participate In a typical eight-person team meeting, three people do 70% of the talking. As the meeting facilitator, there are a number of things you can do to encourage a better balance and give everyone a chance to participate. First, you can help people come to the meeting more confident and ready to participate. This can be achieved by sharing key questions you’re planning to ask and problems you’re hoping to solve before the meeting (via a meeting agenda) so people can come to the meeting prepared. Second, during the meeting, it’s the role of the facilitator to ensure that the meeting isn’t dominated by one or two attendees. This can be done by actively asking less assertive attendees their opinions during the meeting or watching for physical cues that someone is struggling to break into the discussion. Not everyone is comfortable fighting for the floor, but most will happily speak up if you offer them the opportunity. And if you’ve shared the meeting agenda in advance and asked attendees to prepare, there’s also less of a risk that you’re putting them on the spot. Find more tips like these in our guide to inclusive team meetings. 8. Limit discussion times for each agenda item Meetings should be no longer than an hour, as sixty minutes is generally the longest time people can remain truly engaged. To this end, it’s important that your meeting finishes on time. To make sure you don’t run out of time before covering every item on your agenda, it helps to limit the amount of time you’ll spend on each topic you need to cover. Consider allocating a specific amount of time to each agenda item. Then, when time’s up, move on. If you don’t want to bound discussions by set time limits, you should at least make sure to list the most important items higher up on the agenda so they’re covered first. Related: 6 Productivity Tips to Keep Your Meetings on Track 9. Ban unnecessary devices To make your meetings faster and more effective, ensure team members respect other meeting attendees by actively listening. It’s a fact that it’s much harder to listen when you’re multitaskingâ€"checking emails, replying to IMs, or making lunch plans via text messages. If you’re meeting in-person, ask attendees to stay off their phones and laptops unless they need them to take meeting notes. When hosting an online meeting, this can be more difficult to control. However, asking all attendees to keep their cameras on can help. The good news: if you’re only inviting people who are truly needed, keeping your meetings limited to a reasonable amount of time, and sticking to your agenda, attendees will be less likely to multitask because your meetings will be more valuable for them to pay attention to. Related: The Art of Listening in Distributed Teams 10. Speak slowly and clearly when presenting When speaking publicly, Carmine Gallo, author of Talk Like TED, advises speaking at a rate of 190 words per minute. If you speak much faster, you can end up sounding nervousâ€"as if you’re trying to get it over with as soon as possible. When holding a meeting online, this is even more important. According to Susan Colaric, Assistant Vice President for Instructional Technology at Saint Leo University: Video-conference meetings should actually move at a slightly slower pace than a typical meeting due to a two- to three-second delay for most systems to communicate. “If you’re leading the meeting,” Colaric says, “make sure there are sufficient pauses after asking a question. If you are a participant, bring attention to yourself before addressing the group by signaling with your hand or saying ‘question’ or ‘comment,’ and then waiting a couple of seconds before continuing.” Related: 9 Steps to Leading a Successful Online Meeting Adopt An Effective Post-Meeting Workflow One final important part of conducting effective meetings is what you do after the meeting is over. After a meeting, it’s important to recap the decisions made in the meeting, share your recap with attendees via email, and assign any tasks to relevant people. Having a written meeting recap gives people something to point to if there are questions down the line about how and why certain decisions were made. Additionally, if you assign people the tasks they’re responsible for, you can make sure those tasks are completed (so a follow-up meeting isn’t required). If you follow these meeting rules for every meeting you schedule, you’ll be doing your part to limit the number of pointless meetings and reduce the waste of unproductive meetings. Best of all, if you gain a reputation for being someone who runs truly productive meetings, your coworkers will appreciate that you value their time and will make more of an effort to attend your meetings in the future. Assign Tasks Easily After Every Meeting

Communism In The Soviet Union And Why It Failed Essay

Communism in the Soviet Union and Why it Failed Communism is defined as quot;a system of political and economic organization in which property is owned by the community and all citizens share in the enjoyment of the common wealth, more or less according to their need.quot; In 1917 the rise of power in the Marxist-inspired Bolsheviks in Russia along with the consolidation of power by Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin, the word communism came to mean a totalitarian system controlled by a single political party. This came to justify that the means of production is controlled and the wealth is distributed with the goal of producing a classless or possibly a stateless society. The ideological meaning of communism arose in 1848 with the†¦show more content†¦This led to Lenin and Bolsheviks coming into power in 1917. The Bolsheviks renamed themselves the Communist party and under the leadership of Lenin took control of government and outlawed all of the other political parties. In 1918 they became the ruling party of Russia and formed a dictatorship so they could ensure the Soviet transition from capitalism to socialism. The communist party arose in opposition to both capitalism and socialists of the Second International who had supported their capitalist governments during World War I. The name communists was specifically taken to distinguish Lenins followers in Russia and abroad from such Socialists. Following their victory in the Russian Civil War in 1918, the Soviet Communists followed a cautious policy of limited capatalism during the New Economic Program until Lenins death in 1924. Lenins successor, Joseph Stalin, forcibly accomplished the transition from capitalism to socialism. During his years in power the party grew from about 470,000 to millions. He nationalized the Soviet industries and agriculture. A rapid industrialization program was pushed on the people even though they lacked materials. Police terror was also used to suppress dissent and opposition. This became known as Stalinism. Communist rule was confined to the Soviet Union until the end of World War II. The Soviet Red Army liberated several countries in eastern Europe from the NaziShow MoreRelatedCommunism in the Soviet Union and Why It Failed1561 Words   |  7 PagesCommunism in the Soviet Union and Why it Failed Communism is defined as a system of political and economic organization in which property is owned by the community and all citizens share in the enjoyment of the common wealth, more or less according to their need. In 1917 the rise of power in the Marxist-inspired Bolsheviks in Russia along with the consolidation of power by Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin, the word communism came to mean a totalitarian system controlled by a single politicalRead MoreCommunism : A Theory Or System Of Social Organization1376 Words   |  6 PagesCommunism Communism is a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state. The word ‘communism’ derived from Latin word ‘communis’ which means common, universal. ( Dictionary Reference- Communism) In the 1840s, a German philosopher named Karl Marx published books that talking about Marxism which is known as communism nowadays. Marx said class struggle is a problem of the society. MarxRead MoreCollapse Of The Soviet Union Inevitable1334 Words   |  6 Pages Final Draft: Collapse of the Soviet Union Was the collapse of the Soviet Union inevitable? Kenneth Mejia U.S. History Period 5 5/18/201 Throughout history, war has been the most common resort for nations to solve problems or show off their strength. However it wasn’t until recently where mankind had just live and experience a war that not only did it have the potential destroy nations, but also had the potential to destroy the whole world and humanity itself. This was known as theRead MoreKarl Marx And The Communist Manifesto1112 Words   |  5 Pages Communism is Doomed To Fail- Past, Present, and Future Karl Marx was born in Prussia in 1818. Later in his life he became a newspaper editor and his writings ended up getting him expelled by the Prussian authorities for its radicalism and atheism (Perry 195). He then met Fredrich Engels and together they produced The Communist Manifesto in 1848, for the Communist League. This piece of writing basically laid out Marx’s theory of history in short form (Coffin 623). The Communist Manifesto is mainlyRead MoreThe Soviet Union And The Cold War1038 Words   |  5 PagesAfter a series of events during the time of World War II, tensions between the United States and the Communists such as the Soviet Union and China, developed into a military and political conflict such as the Cold War. During the Cold War, which went on for 50 years, the Soviet Union and the United States competed to expand their economical and political influence. Although, the United States military has increased in size and it’s strategy. The United States powe r today is highly supreme when itRead MoreCuban Revolution By Andrew Caminiti1476 Words   |  6 PagesCitizens wanted a change and started a revolution. To find out why we go all the way back to 1868 when the United States defeated the Spanish Army giving Cuba its independence. The Cubans elected Fulgencio Batista who did not allow any more elections to take place. This angered many and a new revolution leader formed, Fidel Castro. Fidel overthrew the Batista Regime and named himself dictator. He started close economic ties with the Soviet Union. Shortly after this the United States ended any ties withRead MoreThe Economic Crisis And The Arms Race1165 Words   |  5 Pagesmajor reasons of the collapse of the Soviet Union and the fall had a big impact on today’s politics. The Soviet Union was formed in 1922. It consisted of 15 Soviet Republics (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belorussia, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldavia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmen istan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan). The main ideologies were communism and Socialism. One of the most prominent leaders of the Union was Joseph Stalin. The Soviet Union was one of the leading empires inRead MoreThe Battle Of The Cold War1526 Words   |  7 Pagesof mass destruction, the unchartered depths of space were beginning to be explored. While ideology cannot entirely explain the origins of the cold war, it may help explain why the cold war became so enduring and contentious. Both nations held dramatically different worldviews, nurtured by their domestic values. The Soviet Union envisioned a world-wide global revolution leading to a Communist utopia. The United States believed in democracy and private enterprise. As their World War II coalition meltedRead MoreThe Cold War During World War II930 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was political hostility between the United States of America and the Soviet Union through threats, propaganda and series of warfare incidents that made these superpowers of the time suspicious of one another. With the sources of the reader I will explain who’s to be at fault for the Cold war, the United States or the Soviet Union. The term â€Å"Cold War† according to Heonik Kwon in his document origins of the Cold War â€Å"†¦ refers to the prevailing condition of the wor ld in the second halfRead MoreGeorge Kennan s Long Telegram1417 Words   |  6 Pageslimit any geographical expansion of the Soviet Union further into Europe and to keep the identity of each European country their own. Because Kennan knew that the Soviets would not want to engage in any battle to risky he said that the best thing to do would be to have the United states, as another super power, threaten the Soviets to not to expand any further. The document was released 1946, one year before the start of the cold war where both the Soviet Union and the United states engaged in threats

Postpartum Haemorrhage A Serious And Traumatic...

Postpartum haemorrhage is a serious and traumatic experience for the woman, the family, and also the health professionals involved. A primary postpartum haemorrhage is considered to be bleeding from the genital tract that exceeds 500ml at any time 24 hours post birth (Marshall, 2014). A loss of 1000ml or greater is considered to be a severe haemorrhage and most likely can have detrimental and life long effects on the woman (Marshall, 2014). During one of my post natal experiences, I came across a woman, Jessa, whom was considered to be a low risk pregnancy, and had just given birth to her third baby. She was at 34 weeks gestation with no significant problems throughout the pregnancy. One morning she had woken up to strong pains believed to†¦show more content†¦Aside from the medical part of her care, it was the self physical care in which the midwife I was working with, taught Jessa how to do. This is what I found was the most effective for her, as it helped with the repair of her perineum and it also gave her a sense of control over her care. Basic things to relieve the pain and trauma were like ice packs on the area, being educated on a low-residue diet to reduce the frequency of stools (Abdul Ranee, 2006), cleaning the area with just saline or water to prevent stinging and further pain, and also a range of pelvic floor exercises for when she gets home to try (Abdul Ranee, 2006). By Jessa being educated on these self care techniques, it gave her a sense of confidence that she was able to go home and not rely on the midwives to help her get through it. This what I believe to be a extremely important role of the midwife during a womans post natal care as it is following the care on to beyond the hospital setting. The physiological care that Jessa received was extremely consistent with what I had learnt, and I believe the way the midwives went about it was incredible. By the end of my placement I could see a definite improvement in Jessa’s phy sical health. An 8L blood loss is a very near death experience. It is so lucky that death wasn’t the result. Coming to terms with knowing you have almost died, is what Jessa struggled with the most, every day and night. The psychological support

Nature good or bad Free Essays

string(49) " first parents were not left without guidelines\." This is partly because human nature can e regarded as both a source of norms of conduct or ways of life, as well as presenting obstacles or constraints on living a good life. The complex implications of such questions are also dealt with in art and literature, while the multiple branches of the Humanities together form an important domain of Inquiry Into human nature, and the question of what It Is to be human. Is It good or evil? The nature of humankind has been explored endlessly, with no definitive answers. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature good or bad or any similar topic only for you Order Now What people believe the nature of humans to be is a very personal belief. That belief s shaped by the religion they follow, the culture they grew up in, and by their life experiences. What people believe has a large elm[act on the way they live their lives. It Is the pylons of this writer that people are Inherently good. This writer’s pylons that people are Inherently good has developed gradually over time. One reason for this viewpoint is the fact that I believe we are all created in God’s image by God to serve him. If that is truly the case, then I feel that people would be inherently good, as God is. It is this writer’s belief that God would not create someone who was inherently evil. People do sin, and some people could even be considered ‘evil,’ but overall I feel that most people do try and lead a good life by being kind to others and helping those In need. Another reason for my belief Is the culture that I have grown up in. This may seem strange, since many people complain that our society is too filled with violence and other ‘bad’ things. However, the very presence of such arguments about our society shows this writer that most people do not find violence at violent programming or acts, society tells people what it rely values: love and peace. If violence did not bother people, then there would not be the debate that exists today. Therefore, the belief that people are inherently good is supported by the culture that I grew up in. The experiences that one has throughout their life also shape their belief. In my life, I have had many experiences that reinforce my belief that people are inherently good. I have seen people unselfishly helping others in many circumstances. Many people give blood to save some stranger they will never meet. A woman Just donated part of her liver to a young girl she did not know so that the girl could live. Others donate millions to feed starving children , donate their time to teach people the bible so they could have a better life. These people undergo pain to help others; with no reward for themselves other than knowing they did a good thing. When people have tragedy strike them, the community will surround them with support. One example was the earthquake in 2010 that destroyed my country people came from almost every where to help with many different things, from food to clothing to shelter. In daily life, one can usually find many examples of people helping people, I my self donate my time regularly my time to teach the bible o others to help them bring changes it sir lives and I know more than 9 millions are doing the same thing, and this has been an important factor in shaping my belief. If people were not good, then I do not feel that one would be able to find these things occurring with such frequency. But why are we in that situation where we some times have a tendency of doing ABA things? What the scientist think? SCIENTISTS are hard at work to try to find genetic causes for alcoholism, homosexuality, promiscuity, violence, other aberrant behavior, and even for death itself. Would it not e a relief to find that we are not responsible for our actions but are merely victims of biology? It is human nature to blame someone or something else for our errors. If the genes are to blame, scientists hold out the possibility of changing them, eliminating undesirable traits through genetic engineering. The recent success in mapping the entire human genome has given such aspirations new impetus. This scenario, however, is based on the premise that our genetic endowment is, indeed, the villain responsible for all our sins and errors. Have the scientific detectives found enough evidence to make a case against our genes? Obviously, the answer will profoundly affect how we see ourselves and our future. Before examining the evidence, though, a look at mankind’s origin will prove enlightening. How It All Started Most people are familiar with, or at least have heard of, the account about the fall of the first human pair, Adam and Eve, in the garden of Eden. Were they made with some intrinsic defect in the genes right from the start, a sort of design flaw that predisposed them to sin and disobedience? Their Creator, Jehovah God, whose works are all perfect, proclaimed that his crowning earthly creation was â€Å"very DOD. † (Genesis 1 :31; Deuteron 32:4) As further evidence of his satisfaction with his work, he gave the first couple his blessing and instructed them to be fruitful, to fill the earth with human creatures, and to take charge of his earthly creation?hardly the actions of someone uncertain of his handiwork. ?Genesis 1:28. Regarding the creation of the first human pair, the Bible tells us: â€Å"God proceeded to create the man in his image, in God’s image he created him; male and female he created in physical appearance, for â€Å"God is a Spirit. † Noon 4:24) Rather, it means that human returns were endowed with godly qualities and a sense of morality, a conscience. (Romans 2:14, 15) They were also free moral agents, capable of weighing a matter and deciding on the action to take. However, our first parents were not left without guidelines. You read "Nature good or bad" in category "Papers" Rather, they were warned of the consequences of wrongdoing. Genesis 2:17) So the evidence indicates that when Adam was faced with a moral decision, he chose to do what to him seemed expedient or advantageous at the time. He followed his wife in her wrongdoing instead of considering his relationship with his Creator or the long-term effects of his action. He also tried later to shift the blame to Jeho vah, saying that the wife He had provided misled him. ?Genesis 3:6, 12; 1 Timothy 2:14. God’s response to the sin of Adam and Eve is revealing. He did not try to correct some ‘design flaw’ in their genes. Rather, he carried out what he told them would be the consequences of their actions, which led to their eventual death. (Genesis 3:17-19) This early history sheds much light on the nature of human behavior. The Evidence Against Biology For a long time, scientists have been tackling the monumental task of finding genetic causes and cures for human pathology and behavior. After ten years of work by six teams of researchers, the gene linked to Huntington disease was isolated, although the researchers have no idea how the gene causes the disease. However, reporting on this research, Scientific American quoted Harvard biologist Even Balkan, who said that it would be â€Å"almost infinitely harder to discover genes for behavioral disorders. † In fact, research attempting to link specific genes to human behavior has been unsuccessful. For instance, in Psychology Today, a report on efforts to find genetic causes for depression states: â€Å"Epidemiological data on the major mental illnesses make it clear that they can’t be reduced to purely genetic causes. The report gives an example: â€Å"Americans born before 1905 had a 1 percent rate of depression by age 75. Among Americans born a half century later, 6 percent become depressed by age 24! † It thus concludes that only external or social factors can bring about such dramatic changes in such a short time. What do these and numerous other studies tell us? While genes may play a role in shaping our personalities, there clearly are other influences. A major fa ctor is our environment, which has undergone addict changes in modern times. Concerning what today’s youth are exposed to in popular entertainment, the book Boys Will Be Boys observes that it is unlikely that children will develop sound moral principles when they â€Å"grow up watching tens of thousands of hours of TV shows and films in which people are assaulted, shot, stabbed, disemboweled, chopped up, skinned, or dismembered, when children grow up listening to music which glorifies rape, suicide, drugs, alcohol, and bigotry. † Clearly, Satan, â€Å"the ruler of this world,† has shaped an environment that caters to man’s baser desires. And who can deny the powerful influence that such an environment exerts on all of us? ?John 12:31; Ephesians 6:12; Revelation 12:9, 12. The Root of Mankind’s Trouble As we have already seen, mankind’s problems started when the first human pair sinned. The result? While generations of Dam’s offspring are not responsible for Dam’s sin, they nonetheless are all born with si n, imperfection, and death as their entered into the world and death through sin, and thus death spread to all men because they had all sinned. â€Å"?Romans 5:12. Man’s imperfection puts him at a decided disadvantage. But that does not absolve him of all moral responsibility. The Bible shows that those who put faith in Jehovah provision for life and conform their lives to God’s standards will have his approval. Out of his loving-kindness, Jehovah made a merciful provision to redeem mankind, to buy back, as it were, what Adam had lost. That provision is the ransom sacrifice of his perfect Son, Jesus Christ, who said: â€Å"God loved the world so much that he gave his only-begotten Son, in order that everyone exercising faith in him might not be destroyed but have everlasting life. â€Å"? John 3:16; 1 Corinthians 15:21, 22. The apostle Paul expressed his deep appreciation for this provision. He exclaimed: â€Å"Miserable man that I am! Who will rescue me from the body undergoing this death? Thanks to God through Jesus Christ our Lord! † (Romans 7:24, 25) Paul knew that if he succumbed to sin out of weakness, he could ask God’s forgiveness on the basis of the ransom sacrifice of Jesus Christ. * As in the first century, today many who formerly led very bad lives or whose situation seemed hopeless have come to an accurate knowledge of Bible truth, made the necessary changes, and come in line for God’s blessing. The changes they had to cake were not easy, and many still have to contend with harmful tendencies. But with God’s help, they are able to maintain integrity and find Joy in serving him. (Philippians 4:13) we have in this society many example of people who started in a way with a bad life but turn around to do good things , have a complete change in their lives in order to please God or to have a better life for them self. Therefore Wearer Responsible Trying to pin the entire blame for our misconduct on our genes simply does not work. Rather than helping us to solve or overcome our problems, notes Psychology Today, ongoing so â€Å"may be teaching us a helplessness that is at the root of many of our problems. Instead of reducing the incidence of these problems, this seems to have fueled their growth. † It is true that we must contend with major adverse forces, including our own sinful tendencies and Satin’s efforts to distract us from obeying God. (1 Peter 5:8) It is also true that our genes may influence us in one way or another. But we are surely not helpless. True Christians have powerful allies? Jehovah, Jesus Christ, God’s holy spirit, his Word the Bible, and the Christian negotiation. Therefore the way one view the nature of human beings is very important as it shapes the way they look at their world. In this case, I must disagree with the â€Å"Theory that say people were born evil. † as I feel that people are inherently good. Most people will choose to be good over evil, and will help their fellow human beings without asking what they are to get from their actions. While there is evil in the world, it is the exception to the norm, and overall it is this my opinion that people can choose to be good . New world translation 2013 edition How to cite Nature good or bad, Papers

Beyonce Knowles Most Influential Artist Essay Example For Students

Beyonce Knowles Most Influential Artist Essay Beyonce Knowles is a singer, dancer, songwriter, and actress. She has went from a great lead singer (Destinys Child) to a phenomenal solo artist. She has sold over 75 million records worldwide. VH1 ranked her the three greatest women in music in 2012. Her net worth alone is about $450 million. Though these are all important facts, nothing is more important than Beyonce being the most influential artist of the 21st century. Yes, there are a lot of artist that have touched plenty of people’s lives but not like she has, especially with her wide fan base. It is very hard finding a good artist that speaks to your every emotion and as a person is not a bad role model. Women in the music industry tend to try to please the media and stay relevant by changing who they are, sometimes ruining why their fans enjoyed their work. Music Empowers Foundation stated that â€Å"involvement in music leads to positive personal, social and motivational effects. † Beyonce’s music is known to captivate her audience, no matter whether the song is happy, sad, angry, or any other emotion she portrayed. Elizabeth Freda expressed in her article The 9 stages of Emotion You Experience While Attending Beyonce and Jay Z’s on the Run Tour is that you will be extremely tired from excitement and fun and that it will be an unforgettable experience. Many people use music for their own personal therapy. There are so many different genres of music and millions of different songs to fit every mood anyone could possibly feel. There are not many artist that you actually feel that exact emotion that they are feeling. Music is so powerful that even if you are in a certain mood it can change that as soon as you hear a song. Beyonce writes and sings songs that touch her fan base because her songs are about emotions most of us feel a lot going throughout life. Beyonce’s voice has the power for healing your heart and empowering your spirit. When people think of women they usually jump to equality between men and women. This is right, but it is so much more than simply that. Women Empowerment is for the encouragement of women to be more that what society has made acceptable for women to behave and dress like. It is also to build confidence in women to be more than what they thought was possible. When people think of making history and being an unstoppable person they mostly think of men. Teresa Fata said, â€Å"while the entire song is inspiring, my favorite part is the second verse. It’s a speech given by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie an author and feminist† when talking of Beyonce’s song Flawless. Beyonce inspires and is a role model for millions of youth and adults. It is very important to have artist like her to empower young girls and women to reach their full potential. Many people use her music for therapy and not many artists can ever come close to achieving what she has. Mary Wang wrote #5 ways Beyonce inspires women stating that â€Å"#1 she exudes confidence even though she considers herself to be introvert, #2 she works hard for what she wants and does what she loves, #3 she is business savvy, #4 she stands up for what she believes in, and #5 she is a spokeswoman for female empowerment. Bibliography: Fata, Teresa. 7 Inspiring Songs for When Your Feeing down. AllWomenStalk. Web.  . Wang, Mary. #5 Ways Beyoncà © Inspires Women. Bird Stone. 30 July 2014. Web.  . .u89e1ff7b415d423843d671565372cf00 , .u89e1ff7b415d423843d671565372cf00 .postImageUrl , .u89e1ff7b415d423843d671565372cf00 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u89e1ff7b415d423843d671565372cf00 , .u89e1ff7b415d423843d671565372cf00:hover , .u89e1ff7b415d423843d671565372cf00:visited , .u89e1ff7b415d423843d671565372cf00:active { border:0!important; } .u89e1ff7b415d423843d671565372cf00 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u89e1ff7b415d423843d671565372cf00 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u89e1ff7b415d423843d671565372cf00:active , .u89e1ff7b415d423843d671565372cf00:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u89e1ff7b415d423843d671565372cf00 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u89e1ff7b415d423843d671565372cf00 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u89e1ff7b415d423843d671565372cf00 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u89e1ff7b415d423843d671565372cf00 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u89e1ff7b415d423843d671565372cf00:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u89e1ff7b415d423843d671565372cf00 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u89e1ff7b415d423843d671565372cf00 .u89e1ff7b415d423843d671565372cf00-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u89e1ff7b415d423843d671565372cf00:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music of the Baroque Period Essay SummaryFreda, Elizabeth. The 9 Stages of Emotion You Experience While Attending Beyonce and Jay Zs On the Run Tour. ENews. 5 Aug. 2014. Web.  . Music Therapy. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web.

Homelessness Essays - Homelessness, , Term Papers

Homelessness The Stewart McKinney Act of 1987 defines a homeless person as Aone who lacks a fixed permanent nighttime residence, or whose nighttime residence is a temporary shelter, welfare hotel or any public or private place not designated as sleeping accommodations for human [emailprotected] (583). Included in the homeless population are people who stay with friends or family for a short period of time and then decide to find shelter on the streets because of conflict with the people whom they are staying with, or because of personal pride. In the early 1980=s homelessness was determined to be a major problem in the United States. These years saw a steep rise in the number of homeless, due to poor economy and diminishing financial help for housing and income. The homeless consist of all types, races, and ages of people. A large portion of the homeless population consists of men but the number of women and children living on the streets is on the rise. Current statistics show that women and children now make up around forty percent of the homeless population. According to John J. Macionis one-third of homeless people abuse drugs and one-fourth are mentally ill. The current homeless population is mostly non-white and has an average age of the middle thirties. Veterans make up about one-third of the total number of homeless men. The homeless all suffer from absolute poverty. As stated in 1995 by the United States government, 36 million people or 13.8% of the population was poor. The government defines a family of four as being poor if they generate a yearly income of $15,569 or less, although the average improvised family=s income was only around $10,000 in 1995. The Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics states, the average annual income of the homeless in Chicago was $1198 in 1996 (584). APerhaps we should not be surprised that one percent of our population, for one reason or another is unable to cope with our complex and highly competitive [emailprotected] (Macionis 183) According to the Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics homelessness in America has several causes. One such cause is the competitiveness of the business market. Companies are no longer as loyal to their employees as they used to be. Many corporations now use overseas laborers. Also, a diminishing amount of low-skill jobs, due to industrialization has increased the chances of low-skilled workers finding employment. The Chicago coalition for the homeless states that a person must be employed full time and earn more than $8.29 per hour in order to exceed the federal poverty level for a family of four. According to the 1997 census report 2.3 million people worked full time but were still below the poverty line (5). Another reason for the increased number of homeless is the lack of affordable housing, especially in urban areas. The Chicago Coalition for the Homeless reports that, nationally, 10.5 million low income renters compete for 6.1 million rental units that are within their price range, leaving 4.4 million without affordable housing (3). Many low-income areas are being bought out by wealthy entrepreneurs who remodel and restore them and restore them and sell them for a large profit. The mainstreaming of institutionalized mental patients is another reason for homelessness. According to Microsoft Encarta nationally 20-25% of the homeless population suffers from some sort of major mental illness (2). These people are less likely to be able to obtain support such as treatment, case management and the help that is necessary to find and maintain permanent housing. The most recent cause of homelessness in the United States is the Afeminization of [emailprotected] Because of the high expense of child care and the increasing numbers of single mothers, the number of homeless women and children is on the rise. According to Stacey Chambers the rise in the number of homeless women is partially due to domestic violence. In an interview of homeless mothers ninety-two percent had been assaulted at one time in their lives. More than half had suffered from bouts of major depression inther lives whereas only twenty percent of the United States female population had suffered from similar depression (2). Despite these facts and statistics, little else is known about these people. Most sociological surveys are conducted by phone or

The Dubai City Essays

The Dubai City Essays The Dubai City Essay The Dubai City Essay Dubai is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and is one among the seven emirates. It is situated on the Arabian Peninsula along the southern coast of the Persian Gulf. To distinguish it from the emirate, Dubai city is sometimes referred to as the Dubai Municipality. This city has been estimated to have existed for more than one hundred and fifty years prior to the formation of UAE. Within the federal framework, Dubai shares economic, political, military and legal functions with its fellow emirates. However, each country has its own jurisdiction over special functions such as upkeep of local facilities, provision of local facilities and civic law enforcement (Brown, 2006, p. 15). In this union, Dubai has the largest population and is the second largest after Abu Dhabi. In the country’s legislature, veto power is exercised on matters that are considered of national importance. In the early 19th century, Dubai was established and operated independently until 1833. With the British government, the country signed the general maritime peace treaty. In 1892, the country came under the protection of the United Kingdom after an exclusive agreement. The country has a history of being an important port for foreign based traders, most of them coming in from India. Ultimately, many of the traders ended up settling in the nation because of the conducive investment and trading environment the nation had. The fame of the country started as early as 1820s and is still very much pronounced today. Today, the nation is mostly referred to as the City of Dubai (Omar, 2006, p. 11). During these times, Dubai was very well known for exporting pearl. Unanticipatedly, the trade was dismissed by the events of the World War 1 in 1930s. The effects of the great depression in the late 1920s also devastated the growth and development of the city. In the realm of the economic challenges the city faced, it experienced massive migration of people to seek better living in parts of the Persian Gulf. The 1950s marks the time when the British moved its local administration offices to Dubai and thus airport, telephone and electricity services were established in the city. The town joined Qatar in 1966 to form a new monetary unit, Dubai/Qatar Riyal. This move led to the devaluation of the Gulf Rupee that had previously lasted as the medium of exchange. Still in 1966, oil was discovered in Dubai and the town granted concessions towards international oil companies. When it was discovered, a large influx of foreign workers mainly Pakistanis and Indians was experienced by the city (Ciecko, 2006, p. 19). Through some estimates, the population of the town grew by more than 300% from 1968 to 1975. The Britain protectors left the Persian Gulf in 1971, leading the emirates to join and form the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Dubai joined fellow emirates in adopting a uniform currency, the UAE dirham. Despite the influx of the Lebanese immigrants fleeing civil war in Lebanon in 1970, the city continued to grow rapidly because of the revenues collected from trade and oil. In 1979, Jebel Ali port was established, becoming the largest manmade port around the world. This port enabled the foreign companies to have an unrestricted importation of labor as well as export capital (Rugh, 1997, p. 23). In 1990, the effects of the Persian Gulf War had a large impact on the city. This war created uncertainty in the political fields within the whole region. As a result, the economy experienced a shock as Dubai banks withdrew their funds massively. During the Persian Gulf War, Kuwait trading community moved their businesses to Dubai. During the Shia unrest, communities from Bahrain also moved their businesses to the city since it was felt as the best investment site in the region by then. During the Persian Gulf War, the city provided refueling services at Jebel Ali free zone to allied forces. The town provided the same services during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. After the Persian Gulf War ended, oil prices increased largely, encouraging the nation to highly focus on tourism and free trade. The model to develop clusters of new free zones was fueled by the success of the port. The clusters included Dubai Maritime City, Dubai Media City and the Dubai Internet City. Dubai marketed its tourism sector through the construction of Burj Al Arab which up to now serves as the tallest freestanding hotel in the world, and also as the most developed residential holdings. In creating Dubai’s skyline, the country since 2002 has experienced increases in private real estate investments. This development was aided through engaging in projects such as Burj Dubai, The World Islands and The Palm Islands (Khalaf, 2000, p. 27). In the recent years, the city had robust economic growth, which has been accompanied by high inflation rates. In 2007, the rate of inflation stood as 11. 2%, measured against consumer price index. The inflation rise is attributed to doubling trend of residential and commercial rental costs, which have caused substantial increase of living costs for the citizens. The city lies directly within the Arabian Desert. Its topography is however different from the ones within the emirates zone, making the city appear unique. A larger portion of Dubai’s landscape is highlighted by gravel deserts and sandy desert patterns. Gravel deserts dominate the southern part of the city. The sand is composed of coral and crushed shell and it is also white, clean and fine. The eastern part of the city is made up of a north south running line of dunes formed with salt crushed coastal plains. Far to the east, the dunes are tinged red with iron oxide (Sultan, et al, 1999, p. 31). There is a flat sandy desert forming a paving path towards the Western Hajar Mountains that found to stretch along the Dubai’s border with Oman at Hatta. These mountains have a landscape that in shattered, jagged and arid, rising to a height of 1300 meters. The city does not have any natural water body or oases, but only a natural inlet called Dubai creek, dredged to make it deeper for use by large vessels. The city has multiple waterholes and gorges, at the base of Western Al Hajar Mountains. The vast sea of sand dunes in the southern part forms a desert known as the Empty Quarter. The city is located in a very stable zone, bearing in mind that Zargos Fault which is the nearest seismic fault line is one hundred and twenty kilometers from the UAE territory, limiting the possibilities of seismic impacts on Dubai. Through expertise consultation, the region has minimum possibilities of experiencing tsunami because the waters of the Persian Gulf are not deep enough to trigger the disaster (Marios, 2007, p. 16). The sandy desert that surrounds the city nurtures occasional date palm trees and also supports wild grasses. In the east of the city, desert hyacinths grow as ghaf and acacia trees grow in the flat plains. Dubai’s natural parks are composed of both indigenous and imported trees. The indigenous trees include neem and date palm whereas the imported trees mainly include eucalyptus. The parks still have a variety of animals such as Arabian Oryx, falcon, desert fox, caracal, striped hyena and the houbara bustard. This city lies in a migration path of birds towards and from Africa, Asia and Europe, through which about 320 migratory birds pass during autumn and winter. The waters of Dubai also harbor more than 300 species of fish, with hammour being the most popular. The city has a hot and humid climate with monthly recordings of over 40 degrees Celsius. The highest recorded temperature is usually 47. 3 degrees whereas the lowest recorded is seven degrees. The city receives light rains of about 150 millimeters annually, precipitations coming in March, February and January. Heavy rains usually come in winter months, recording 120mm. High humidity levels are experienced in cooler winter periods and the mean humidity in the country is 60% (Daniela, 2002, p. 24). Dubai has a multicultural and diverse community. This was after the arrival of nationals and ethnic groups, first Iranians, Indians and Pakistanis. Only infrequent and minor episodes of ethnic tensions have ever been reported despite the diversity of the whole population. The common conflicts occur between expatriates who are recently and frequently visiting the city. In 1994, Muslim laborers and the Hindu clashed leading to deportation and detainment of Pakistani and Indian workers. The cosmopolitan nature of the society is indicated by the diversity of cuisine. Arab food is readily available and very popular. The consumption and sale of pork is regulated though not illegal, being sold in designated areas and to non Muslims. To purchase alcohol within the city, a liquor permit is required, or else obtained from restaurants and bars within five and four star hotels. Bollyhood and holly wood movies have made the city fame through their popularity. The city attracts celebrities from international cinema and the Arab community because it is where annual Dubai international film festival is held. The nation has an active musical scene, with musicians Phil Collins, Celine Dion, Shakira, pink, Elton John, Santana, Aerosmith, Tarkan, Diana Haddad and Amrdiab having frequent visits to the city and making musical performances (Martin, 1993, p. 67).

The Difference Between An Egalitarian And A Non-Egalitarian Principle Essay

The Difference Between An Egalitarian And A Non-Egalitarian Principle Of Distribution. Which One Is Preferable - Essay Example In this philosophy, people ought to get the same, be treated equally, treat our friend as equal, and all people should enjoy equal social status. The egalitarianism principles rest on the background that all mankind are equal in fundamental worth and moral status. Although these principles are widely accepted, there exist variant views especially in Western European and Anglo American philosophical traditions. Egalitarians believe that equality and justice are closely well connected. Firstly, they think unfair life prospects should be equalized. Secondly, equality is the most important constitutive and intrinsic worth of justice. Thirdly, welfare has to be increased. Fourthly and fifthly that justice is comparative, and inequalities are just when advantages are destroyed in the name of justice respectively. One of the most important views of the existence of egalitarianism is the Christian doctrine that God loves all mankind equally despite their social economic status (Raz 254-257). The existence of egalitarianism is prudent for there are different types of equality. For example, treatment of people equally in the society. Great example is the modern democratic societies where everyone has equal chances to hold any position and be treated equally like any other person. An egalitarian denies Cross-Temporal Additivity because inequality is not additive over time. Inequality partly determines value and hence value is not additive over time. In economics, egalitarianism would mean equality to opportunity such that the government ought not to discriminate against citizens or even hinder prosperity opportunities to them. The government has to advocate for equal prosperity for all citizens. Milton Friedman a free-market economist supports equality-of-opportunity economic egalitarianism. The principles of non egalitarianism hold that equality is not bad or good at the same time, and there are several forms of egalitarianism depending on one’s interpretation of equality and values. The non egalitarian principle suggests that, value of two events is equal given that they occupy no overlapping times interval. This claim portrays people’s view of justice. The treatment of people justly depends on how other people are treated. Therefore, it is unfair to distribute resources if people are denied their share despite the amount to be given. What is important is the allocation ratio to each person and the kind of feeling that arise thereafter. Non-Egalitarianism uses three general moral principles namely: Intrapersonal Non-Egalitarianism, Strong Supervenience of Utility-Value and Cross Temporal Additivity of Utility Value. The Intrapersonal Non-Egalitarianism principle supports that the equality in the distribution of utility is evaluative neutral in an individual’s life. The Strong Supervenience of Utility-Value principle states that the two events have the same utility value if they are intrinsically identical in terms of non-evalu ative properties. Lastly the Cross-Temporal Additivity of Utility Value principle states that utility-value of fusion of for instance event A and B is equal to utility value of A plus utility value of B. This holds as long as the two events occupy non-overlapping time intervals. Scope and Role of Distributive Principles This principle varies greatly in various dimensions relevance to distributive justice (wealth, income, jobs utility among others). The variation between the egalitarian and non-egalitarian principle occurs in the nature of the recipient and the basis of distribution. It covers the distribution and economic burden among individuals in society. This principle forms the principles of Anglo

Japanese views on Gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Japanese views on Gender - Essay Example The post-war educational reforms in 1949 had opened all forms of higher education to women but the ‘gender-track’ in Japan continues. Higher education in Japan serves only two functions – general education and professional education and there is significant difference in the higher education of men and women. Women were given education enough for them to fulfill their assigned roles as women, which is why their education was limited to home sciences and humanities. Women are still confined to Junior colleges or women’s colleges or to some particular fields of specialization. Women however became conscious and entered the field of high education and started fighting for their rights as equals. With changes in education, legislation and work force, women’s attitudes and values changed. This affected women’s self-concepts and perception of abilities. According to Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, Japan is a collectivist society, an extremely masculine country. Inequality and gender discrimination in Japanese society remains pervasive due to persisting assumptions about the sexual division of labour. Women have made progress in the education the business world but obstacles towards equality persist. While women’s consciousness has been stirred and they have also entered the field of politics, it is argued that gender issues should not be seen as a simple issue of improving the status of women. Women are becoming engaged in politics and standing for election. They have also been forming associations to act together on issues such as day-care, maternity leave, and sexual harassment policies but they encounter political constraints when it comes to decision making.

Security Issues of Social Networking Sites

Security Issues of Social Networking Sites C. Divya Gowri, K. Rajalakshmi, PG Scholar, S.Suresh AbstractSocial Networking Sites (SNS) are a platform to build social relationship or social networks among people. It is web-based service which allows people to create public profiles; it is similar to online community. The only difference is social network service is individual centred whereas online community is group centred. It groups the individuals into specific groups for communication purpose. Millions of people like to meet other people, share and gather information, share information about their work like cooking, finding employment, e-business, e-commerce, etc., SNS involves getting access to the website you wish to socialize. Once you are granted, you can read the profile pages of others and even contact them. These SNS has greatest impact on the people who use them. Today billions of people across the world have their profiles in social networking sites. SNS becomes reason for addiction and anxiety. It starts affecting the personal relationship. This paper focuses on th e impacts of these social networking sites. Key Tems: Social Networking Sites, Personal privacy, Security issues. I. Introduction Social Networks [13] involves use of Internet to connect the users with their family, friends and acquaintances. Web-based social networking services connect people to share interests and activities across political, economic, and geographic borders. Online Social Networking sites like Twitter, Facebook, and MySpace have become popular in recent years. Social Networks have become a personal fabric of the world. In such SNS, each of your Followers (Twitter) or Friends (Facebook) will be friend with your other friends just like in real world. The connection between people is not one-on-one but a network of connection. These social networks keep track of all interactions used by their users on their sites and save them for later use. It allows users to meet new people, stay in touch with friends, and discuss about everything including jokes, politics, news, etc., Using Social networking sites marketers can directly reach customers, this is not only benefit for the marketers but it also benefits the users as they get more information about the organization and the product. There is absolutely no doubt that online social networks have become part of every individual. Though the use of these SNS is increasing day by day, the users are not aware of risks associated with updating sensitive information. Facts prove that majority of people post information like photos, share location unaware of security and privacy concerns. SNS definitely needs many security policies to keep user’s information secured. II. Literature Survey 2.1 Privacy Issues Security Risks With the use of SNSs, the security risks [4] [12] associated is also increasing rapidly. Some of the risks include cyber stalking, phishing, location disclosure, identity theft, Phreaking, Spoofing, Doxing, spam issue, profile cloning, fake product sale and cyber bullying. People provide their personal data while creating account on SNSs like Facebook, Twitter, etc. The secured data is stored in SNS and because of poor security; the data stored are not secure. Cyber Stalking It is the use of SNS to harass/stalk an individual, group or organization. It includes monitoring, vandalism [15], and gathering of information that may be used to threaten the SNS users. Phishing Phishing [7] is attempting to acquire sensitive information like username, password, and credit card information by masquerading through SNS. Location Disclosure SNS can disclose user’s information [10]. An application named ‘creepy’ can track location of the user on a map by photos uploaded in Flicker or Twitter. Identity Theft Some hackers attack through application in which they ask permission for accessing their profile of SNS (Facebook, Twitter, etc.). When SNS users allow doing so, hackers get all information so that they can misuse users’ information without their knowledge or permission. Phreaking It is gaining unauthorized access to a user’s profile. It is advisable not to give phone numbers, passwords that provide direct access to a user’s profile. Spoofing Some attackers deceive computers by faking one’s identity. IP spoofing masks or hides computer’s IP address. Doxing It is publicly posting a person’s identity including full name, address, pictures, date of birth typically retrieved from any social sites. Spam Issues SNS is widely spread with spam. It includes message spam and content spam [5] [6]. Spammers attack legitimate users account and post unwanted messages/comment on their wall or send those content to their friends so that the reputation of the legitimate users is spoiled. Profile Cloning Profile Cloning [3][8] is that the hackers retrieve the profile information of the SNSs users and make a clone of the profile. They make this clone to spoil the reputation of the users. This is one of the most popular risks associated with the SNSs and it is also done without the permission or knowledge of the SNS user. Another form of profile cloning is â€Å"Cross-site profile cloning†. In this method, hackers steal information from one social site and make this information to create a profile in another SNS. Fake Product Sale The hackers advertise on the SNSs for selling products by offering huge discount and free products. When users try to purchase these products, they are asked to provide account information which is retrieved by attackers and they misuse the information. Cyber bullying Cyber bullies [10] often post information that spoils the reputation of a SNS user; also they spread lies about them, write hateful comments, and upload disgusting photos or abusive images. 2.2 Attacking scenarios Click Jacking In this type of attack, attackers post videos and when the users click on the page, some malicious actions takes place. This type of attack is common in Facebook where users like a page or a picture or a video and the users are trapped. Content Based Image Retrieval In this attack [9], the attackers match the patterns of images associated with the profile of the SNS users so that attackers know the current location of a user. De-Anonymization Attack In this De-Anonymization attack [1] the user’s anonymity can be revealed by history stealing and group membership information. Neighbourhood attack In this attacker [2] finds the neighbors of the victim node. Based on user’s profile and personal information, attackers are attracted by user’s personal information like their name, date of birth, contact information, relationship status, current work and education background. There can be leakage of information because of poor privacy settings. Many profiles are made public to others i.e. anyone can view their profile. Next is leakage of information through third party application. Social networking sites provide an Application Programming Interface (API) for third party developers to create applications. Once users access these applications the third party can access their information automatically. Malicious Software updates An attacker may deliver malicious software to update the system. This may be used to disrupt computer system, obtain sensitive information or gain access to any private information. Evil Twin Attack In this attack [11], it allows attackers to impersonate people or companies in SNS. This is used for the purpose of financial gain, physical crimes, defamation and information gathering. The attackers create a twin profile in the name of other person (legitimate user) and send friend request or messages to get money or just gather information. 2.3 Prevention strategies Internet is always â€Å"Public† SNS users post anything on the internet and it is always available in public. Thus it is user’s responsibility to post information that users are comfortable with. This may include their personal information and photos in which users are tagged in. Also once when users post information online, it cannot be deleted. Even if the information is deleted from a site, cached copy remains on the World Wide Web. Limit the amount Always limit the amount of personal information you post. Do not disclose private information such as your residential address, contact number, etc. Assess your settings Users must be aware of their privacy settings. The default settings of the site will allow anyone to see your profile. But you can customize your settings to restrict certain people from seeing your profile. Be cautious of Third party applications Some third party applications will ask for your private information while you run those applications. Avoid running those applications that are suspicious and limit the amount of information that the applications can access. Create secure passwords provide your account with passwords which are hard to be guessed. If user’s password is compromised, somebody may access your account and pretend to be like you without your knowledge. Always provide different passwords for different accounts which may confuse the cyber criminals. Combine upper and lower case letters with symbols and numbers to create secure passwords. Change your passwords frequently. Activate your firewall Firewalls are considered as the first line of cyber defence. They block connections to unknown sites and will protect the system from viruses and hackers. Avoid being scammed Prevent viruses/malware infecting your system by installing and frequently updating antivirus software. Beware of things you post Whatever you post online, it remains in cache even if you are not able to see. It is advisable to think before posting pictures that you don’t want your employers or parents to see. Know your friends Online friends should not be taken as real friends unless you know them personally. Beware of what you share with those strange friends. Install from Trusted source- Install applications or software’s that comes from well- known or trusted sites. Remember that free software may come with malware. Once you install an application, keep it up-to-date. If you no longer use an application, delete it. Avoid Wi-Fi spots Avoid accessing your personal accounts from public computers like Internet centres or through public Wi-Fi spots. It is always preferred to use high security settings on any SNS. IV. CONCLUSION SNS have become a likely target for attackers due to sensitive information available. The growth of social networking sites shows tremendous changes in personal and social behavior of internet users. It has become an essential medium of communication and an entertainment among adults. Though it affects the daily activities of the users, many cyber crime activities evolved, the popularity of such sites are not going to reduce. SNS can be used for sales and marketing, but the security risks can put a company or individual in a compromising position. Many cyber laws have to be fortified so that cyber criminals cannot escape from committing a crime. Many SNS are implementing different security mechanisms to SNS users. Also users must be careful and prevent themselves from being attacked. V. REFERENCES [1] Gilbert Wondracek, Thorsten Holz, Engin Kirda, and Christopher Kruegel, â€Å" Practical Attack to De-anonymize Social Network Users,† IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, 2010, pp.223-238. [2] Bin Zhou and Jian Pei, â€Å"Preserving Privacy in Social Networks Against Neighborhood Attacks,† Data Engineering, 2008. ICDE 2008. IEEE 24th International Conference on, Apr. 2008, pp.506-515. [3] M. Balduzzi, C. Platzer, T. Holz, E. Kirda, D. Balzarotti, and C. Kruegel, â€Å"Abusing Social Networks for Automated User Profiling,† Symposium on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection (RAID), vol. 6307, Sep. 2010, pp. 422-441. [4] Dolvara Gunatilaka, â€Å"A Survey of Privacy and Security Issues in Social Networks†, http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse57111/ftp/social/index.html [5] Garrett Brown, Travis Howe, Micheal Ihbe, Atul Prakash, and Kevin Borders, â€Å"Social networks and context-aware spam,† CSCW 08 Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work, 2008, pp.403-412. http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~aprakash/papers/cscw08_socialnetworkspam.pdf. [6] B. Markines, C. Cattuto and F. Menczer, Social Spam Detection,Proc. 5th Intl Workshop Adversarial Information Retrieval on the Web(AIRWeb 09), ACM Press, 2009, pp. 41–48. [7]T.N. Jagatic et al., Social Phishing,Comm. ACM,vol. 50, no. 10, 2007, pp. 94–100. [8] Khayyambashi, M.R.; Rizi, F.S. An approach for detecting profile cloning in online social networks,e-Commerce in Developing Countries: With Focus on e-Security (ECDC), 2013 7th Intenational Conference on,On page(s): 1 – 12. [9] A. Acquisti and R. Gross† Imagined Communities Awareness, Information Sharing, and Privacy on the Facebook†. In 6th Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Technologies, June 2006. [10] D. Rosenblum., â€Å"What Anyone Can Know. In The Privacy Risks of Social Networking Sites†, IEEE Security and Privacy, 2007. [11] Carl Timm,Richard Perez, â€Å"Seven Deadliest Social Network Attacks†, Syngress/Elsevier, 2010 [12] Dwyer, C., Hiltz, S. R., Passerini, K. â€Å"Trust and privacy concern within social networking sites: A comparison of Facebook and MySpace†. Proceedings of AMCIS 2007, Keystone, CO. Retrieved September 21, 2007 [13] D. D. Boyd and N. B. Ellison, ;Social Network Sites: Definition, History and Scholarship,; Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, vol. 13, pp. 210-230, 2007. [14] P. Heymann, G. Koutrika and H. Garcia-Molina, Fighting Spam on Social Web Sites: A Survey of Approaches and Future Challenges,IEEE Internet Computing,vol. 11, no. 6, 2007, pp. 36–45. [15]W. Xu, F. Zhang and S. Zhu, Toward Worm Detection in Online Social Networks,Proc. 26th Ann. Computer Security Applications Conf.(ACSAC 10), ACM Press, 2010, pp. 11–20.

Relationship Between Money and Happiness

Preface First, people could not be without money. That is, if people out of money, people have no happiness lives with. Money is the foundation of live, for if there is no money, people cannot survive. If people cannot survive, how can there be happiness at all. Second, money is not everything. Most of the happiness could not be brought by money. For example, Bill Gates cannot enjoy the happiness of escape from a disaster, cannot enjoy the happiness of be a world champion, cannot enjoy the happiness of win the gold medal, cannot enjoy the happiness of families reunion, cannot enjoy the happiness of be a president. Money only slightly associated with happiness In fact, when people have enough of money, the happiness people gain become less and less. It is majority people unexpected, but this is the fact that Western countries live for decades. Experts in the West confirmed a fact: â€Å"If you made a graph of American life since the end of World War II, every line concerning money and the things that money can buy would soar upward, a statistical monument to materialism. Inflation-adjusted income per American has almost tripled, such as per capita income, real income, lifetime, housing area, the per capita car number, the number of telephone calls each year, the number of trips per year, the highest degree IQ scores. No matter how you chart the trends in earning and spending, everything is up, up, up. But if you made a chart of American happiness since the end of World War II, the lines would be as flat as a marble tabletop. Almost everything is getting better, but people did not feel happier. Yale University political science professor Robert †¢ Portland found that if you charted the incidence of depression since 1950, the lines suggest a growing epidemic. Money jangles in our wallets and purses as never before, but we are basically no happier for it, and for many, more money leads to depression. Correlation between money and happiness- 0. 25 Many scholars have been extensive, large-scale sample survey concluded. Concluded that: money and happiness is not the way people think proportional, neither the happier the more wealthy people, the more money the less happy people. The relationship between them is minimal, with scholars jargon, the relationship between them is only â€Å"slightly positive. † The psychology of money, this book made a quantifiable figure on the relationship between money and happiness – † there have been a number of studies of this relationship, and they all come up with a correlation of about 0. 25 † This book use x-axis and y-axis, the mathematics way, visually describe the relationship between money and happiness: assuming that use y-axis draw the satisfaction of happiness, and use x-axis describe the amount of money. The intersection of two axes is the starting point of zero. And then make a mark on y-axis at 0. 25, which is limit value of the correlation between money and happiness. When people's incomes are low, the satisfaction of happiness is very low indeed. When people are without money, the satisfaction of happiness is almost close to zero. Once people just out of the poverty line, the curve which describe the relationship between money and happiness will rush up almost touch the 0. 25 line. And then quickly become a horizontal line at 0. 5 irrelevant with the x-axis. Even if the amount of money on the x-axis increasing in thousands, millions, or billions rate doubled, the relationship between money and happiness curve ignore it. The line will never exceed 0. 25. And the curve maybe fall to 0. 2, 0. 1 or lower level. In mathematics, this phenomenon is called â€Å"diminishing marginal effect. † Reasons for money and happiness curve diminished Through observation and study of happine ss, we can find that any happiness in the world has a premise which is desire. If people have no desire, people would not have happiness. So eager is only source of happiness. Desire is something people look forward, but do not get yet. So happiness is the pleasure when people are satisfied or say gets the thing which they look forwards. Furthermore, we can draw a conclusion, happiness (that is the source) is unrenewable. After we got a happiness, we can repeat to enjoy it, the desire will diminished, until disappear. This means people only have N times to enjoy the same type of happiness. For example, when people have learned how to ride bicycle, he will use it as much as possible, the happiness he get will increase. But when the time he ride bicycle reach to N, the happiness he get before will fall to zero. Because of happiness is non-renewable resources, so in the world of money and material, everyone has the limited resources of desire, and everyone has limited happiness to enjoy. For example, after we learned how to ride bicycle, and enjoy the happiness of ride bicycle, we will never enjoy it again. Along with our possession increase, our happiness will increase too. But the resources of happiness will diminish. It means the happiness we can enjoy will decrease. That is reasons for money and happiness curve diminished Conclusion They say money can't buy happiness, but it can facilitate it. —Malcolm Forbes Happiness is the desire for repetition. –Milan Kundera At the lower end of the income scale the better-off are happier; there is no effect from the middle of the scale onwards. And there has been no historical effect of increased national prosperity on happiness. There is evidence that people are happier of they think they are doing better than other people, or than they did themselves previously. Other sources of happiness are much more important, such as leisure, job satisfaction, social relations and personality. Money has very little effect on these, money people want to be rich or richer, and many take part in lotteries, no doubt in the belief that winning will make them happier. References